Summary of Acycloguanosine
Acycloguanosine is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug, marketed under trade names such as Cyclovir, Herpex, Acivir, Acivirax, Zovirax, Zoral, and Xovir. One of the most commonly used antiviral drugs, it is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, as well as in the treatment of varicella zoster (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).
Indications of acycloguanosine
(1) Herpes simplex virus infection: used for oral genital herpes virus infection of primary and recurrent cases; recurrent oral this product used to prevent cases. Injection for people has immunodeficiency. Prevention and treatment of primary and recurrent mucocutaneous infection and recurrent cases; also used in the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis.
(2) Herpes zoster: oral treatment for immunocompetent individuals with herpes and immunodeficiency mild case. Injection is just for the treatment of severe herpes patients with immunodeficiency.
(3) Treatment of immunodeficiency varicella.
(4) Local for early genital herpes infection and immunodeficiency caused by herpes simplex virus self limiting mucocutaneous herpes simplex initial treatment and relapse cases.
(5) Treatment of acute retinal necrosis with its sodium salt.
Acycloguanosine is active against most species in the herpesvirus family. In descending order of activity:
1.Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1)
2.Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2)
3.Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
4.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
5.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - least activity
Activity is predominantly against HSV, and to a lesser extent VZV. It is only of limited efficacy against EBV and CMV. It is inactive against latent viruses in nerve ganglia.
Adverse reactions
(1) The common adverse reactions
The injection site or phlebitis inflammation, skin itching or hives, have a fever, rash, headache, nausea, mild,Vomiting, diarrhea, urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values increased, abnormal liver function such as serum aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin slightly higher.
(2) Uncommon adverse reactions
Acute renal insufficiency, white and red blood cells decreased, decreased hemoglobin, neutropenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, cholesterol, triglyceride, hematuria, hypotension, Dohan, palpitations, difficulty breathing, chest tightness.
Resistance to Acycloguanosine is rare, but is more common in patients on chronic antiviral prophylaxis (transplant recipients, people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to HIV infection). Mechanisms of resistance in HSV include deficient viral thymidine kinase; and mutations to viral thymidine kinase and/or DNA polymerase, altering substrate sensitivity. Acycloguanosine has also shown cross-resistance with valAcycloguanosine and famciclovir.
In sum, Acycloguanosine can be considered a prodrug: it is administered in an inactive (or less active) form and is metabolised into a more active species after administration.
Indications of acycloguanosine
(1) Herpes simplex virus infection: used for oral genital herpes virus infection of primary and recurrent cases; recurrent oral this product used to prevent cases. Injection for people has immunodeficiency. Prevention and treatment of primary and recurrent mucocutaneous infection and recurrent cases; also used in the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis.
(2) Herpes zoster: oral treatment for immunocompetent individuals with herpes and immunodeficiency mild case. Injection is just for the treatment of severe herpes patients with immunodeficiency.
(3) Treatment of immunodeficiency varicella.
(4) Local for early genital herpes infection and immunodeficiency caused by herpes simplex virus self limiting mucocutaneous herpes simplex initial treatment and relapse cases.
(5) Treatment of acute retinal necrosis with its sodium salt.
Acycloguanosine is active against most species in the herpesvirus family. In descending order of activity:
1.Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1)
2.Herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2)
3.Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
4.Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
5.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - least activity
Activity is predominantly against HSV, and to a lesser extent VZV. It is only of limited efficacy against EBV and CMV. It is inactive against latent viruses in nerve ganglia.
Adverse reactions
(1) The common adverse reactions
The injection site or phlebitis inflammation, skin itching or hives, have a fever, rash, headache, nausea, mild,Vomiting, diarrhea, urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values increased, abnormal liver function such as serum aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin slightly higher.
(2) Uncommon adverse reactions
Acute renal insufficiency, white and red blood cells decreased, decreased hemoglobin, neutropenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, cholesterol, triglyceride, hematuria, hypotension, Dohan, palpitations, difficulty breathing, chest tightness.
Resistance to Acycloguanosine is rare, but is more common in patients on chronic antiviral prophylaxis (transplant recipients, people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to HIV infection). Mechanisms of resistance in HSV include deficient viral thymidine kinase; and mutations to viral thymidine kinase and/or DNA polymerase, altering substrate sensitivity. Acycloguanosine has also shown cross-resistance with valAcycloguanosine and famciclovir.
In sum, Acycloguanosine can be considered a prodrug: it is administered in an inactive (or less active) form and is metabolised into a more active species after administration.
