10 Common Mistakes in the Management of Lupus Nephritis
10 Common Mistakes in the Management of Lupus Nephritis
Management of patients with lupus nephritis can be complex and challenging. We suggest that there are some widely held misconceptions about lupus, and unfortunately, these underpin the treatment of many patients. There is little evidence to support the common assumption that intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide is the best treatment for lupus nephritis. Although there is much focus on which immunosuppressive agent to use, too little attention is paid to the proper dose and duration of corticosteroids and concomitant therapy with antimalarial agents. Many clinicians reflexively perform kidney biopsies when these biopsies may be high risk and not influence therapy. There is little emphasis on or awareness of nonadherence to therapy, which is an underappreciated cause of treatment resistance. Resolution of proteinuria and hematuria can take a long time, and immunotherapy should not be intensified based on urine sediment alone. Furthermore, the intensity of the immunosuppression must be considered in the context of lupus nephritis class and duration of kidney damage. Finally, clinicians are aware of the risks of pregnancy in the face of active lupus, but assume that their patients also are aware of this and forget to discuss this with them. With a combined experience of more than 50 years in managing children and adults with lupus, we offer our impression of recurrent mistakes in the management of lupus in general, with a focus on treatment of lupus nephritis.
Kidney involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can range from mild to severe and occurs in 50%-70% of patients with lupus. Despite advances in therapy, morbidity and mortality remain high. In some studies, lupus nephritis leads to end-stage renal failure in 17%-25% of patients and also is associated with increased mortality. There are some common misconceptions that are widely held and may compromise optimal therapy of these patients. If these misconception or myths are addressed, we believe the outcome of these patients might improve. These comments are based on our experience over the past quarter century dealing with a diverse ethnic lupus population in academically based multidisciplinary lupus clinics in Toronto.
The following are the 10 most common mistakes we have observed surrounding the management of patients with lupus nephritis (Box 1).
Abstract and Introduction
Abstract
Management of patients with lupus nephritis can be complex and challenging. We suggest that there are some widely held misconceptions about lupus, and unfortunately, these underpin the treatment of many patients. There is little evidence to support the common assumption that intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide is the best treatment for lupus nephritis. Although there is much focus on which immunosuppressive agent to use, too little attention is paid to the proper dose and duration of corticosteroids and concomitant therapy with antimalarial agents. Many clinicians reflexively perform kidney biopsies when these biopsies may be high risk and not influence therapy. There is little emphasis on or awareness of nonadherence to therapy, which is an underappreciated cause of treatment resistance. Resolution of proteinuria and hematuria can take a long time, and immunotherapy should not be intensified based on urine sediment alone. Furthermore, the intensity of the immunosuppression must be considered in the context of lupus nephritis class and duration of kidney damage. Finally, clinicians are aware of the risks of pregnancy in the face of active lupus, but assume that their patients also are aware of this and forget to discuss this with them. With a combined experience of more than 50 years in managing children and adults with lupus, we offer our impression of recurrent mistakes in the management of lupus in general, with a focus on treatment of lupus nephritis.
Introduction
Kidney involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can range from mild to severe and occurs in 50%-70% of patients with lupus. Despite advances in therapy, morbidity and mortality remain high. In some studies, lupus nephritis leads to end-stage renal failure in 17%-25% of patients and also is associated with increased mortality. There are some common misconceptions that are widely held and may compromise optimal therapy of these patients. If these misconception or myths are addressed, we believe the outcome of these patients might improve. These comments are based on our experience over the past quarter century dealing with a diverse ethnic lupus population in academically based multidisciplinary lupus clinics in Toronto.
The following are the 10 most common mistakes we have observed surrounding the management of patients with lupus nephritis (Box 1).