Preparation

• 1). Calculate the footing's dimensions. The footing width should be between two and three times the width of the wall to be built on top of it, and the depth should not exceed the projection of the footing beyond the wall on one side. These considerations have some variability to allow for conditional adjustments, such as the need to reach down to the frost line. As an example: A wall built from 8-inch blocks with a 22-inch-wide foundation is 7 inches deep, since 7 inches is how much footing will extend beyond the blocks. If the footing needed to be a few inches deeper, it could be widened and thereby deepened as well.
  
  
• 2). Mark the perimeter of the footing by planting two parallel lines of stakes. Using the dimensions in Step 1, the stakes should be roughly 22 inches apart.
  
  
• 3). Tie a string between the end stakes in each line to create a straight line. Pull out any misaligned stake and replant it.
  
  
• 4). Dig a trench between the lines of stakes with a shovel, breaking up any tough ground with a mattock. The width is already established by the stake placement, but the depth is equal to the footing calculation from Step 1 plus an extra 3 inches to cover it up with dirt. In this example, that calls for a 10-inch-deep trench.
  
  
• 5). Fashion a pouring mold by setting planks of masonite hardboard along the walls of the trench. Secure the hardboard by planting a stake behind the boards at intervals of 3 feet and driving a nail through the stake and the board. Then drive nails at an angle through the ends of the boards, securing them to each other.
  
  
• 6). Bend steel rebar into "L's" using a rebar bender, so that the foot of the "L" equals half the footing width. In this example, every rebar needs to be bent with an 11-inch foot.
  
  

Pouring the Concrete

• 1). Mix up concrete in a wheelbarrow and dump concrete into the trench. Use an iron rake to push the concrete around as necessary. Have a helper go back to mix and dump successive loads of concrete until you have filled the trench to the appropriate level, which in this example is 7 inches.
  
  
• 2). Push rebar into the concrete in equidistant positions, one for every three or four blocks in the wall. The stem of the "L" should extend straight up from the middle of the footing. The rebar will be threaded through the hollows of the concrete blocks when the block wall is laid atop the footing.
  
  
• 3). Smooth the surface of the wet concrete with a float, and allow the concrete to set overnight.
  
  
• 4). Pull out the nails with a claw hammer and break down the hardboard mold and stakes. The footing is now ready to have block set on it.