Causes

• Kidney disease can be caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, an enlarged prostate, kidney stones, kidney cysts and infections, or exposure to certain toxins.
  
  

Signs and Symptoms

• The signs of kidney disease are urinary changes, puffy eyes, tiredness, leg pain, itching or rash, dizziness, a metallic taste, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, difficulty concentrating and swollen ankles, legs, feet or hands.
  
  

Diagnosis

• Kidney disease is diagnosed with ultrasound imaging, a CT scan, an MRI or kidney biopsy. A urinalysis tests for evidence of protein or blood in the urine, and blood tests measure abnormal levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine.
  
  

Treatment

• Blood pressure medications are used to treat, slow and reduce potential complications of kidney disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers are prescribed to keep kidneys functioning. A diet low in protein and salt is recommended.
  
  

Complications

• Complications of kidney disease include fluid retention, increase in potassium levels, weak bones, anemia, stomach ulcers, dry skin and cardiovascular disease.