Anti-VEGF Agents for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Anti-VEGF Agents for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
1. Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA) is a full-length recombinant humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is a large-sized molecule (molecular weight: 148 kDa) and has twice half-life than ranibizumab.
2. Ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech USA, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA/Novartis Ophthalmics, Basel, Switzerland) is an engineered, humanized, recombinant antibody fragment (Fab) active against all VEGF-A isoforms. It lacks the Fc domain and has a shorter half-life than other anti-VEGF agents. Lucentis is presently licensed (FDA approved) as an intravitreal agent for the treatment of wet, age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
3. Pegaptanib (Macugen, Eyetech Inc., Cedar Knolls, NJ, USA) is a 28-nucleotide RNA aptamer that binds specifically to the VEGF-A165 isomer, the major pathological VEGF protein in the eye.
4. Aflibercept (Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA) with trade name Eylea (also known as VEGF Trap-Eye), is a recombinant fusion protein comprising the key VEGF-binding domains of human VEGF receptors 1 and 2. Aflibercept was found to bind VEGF with a greater affinity than that of bevacizumab or ranibizumab. The FDA approved aflibercept as a therapy for neovascular AMD in 2011.
Antı-VEGF Drugs
1. Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA) is a full-length recombinant humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of colorectal cancer. It is a large-sized molecule (molecular weight: 148 kDa) and has twice half-life than ranibizumab.
2. Ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech USA, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA/Novartis Ophthalmics, Basel, Switzerland) is an engineered, humanized, recombinant antibody fragment (Fab) active against all VEGF-A isoforms. It lacks the Fc domain and has a shorter half-life than other anti-VEGF agents. Lucentis is presently licensed (FDA approved) as an intravitreal agent for the treatment of wet, age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
3. Pegaptanib (Macugen, Eyetech Inc., Cedar Knolls, NJ, USA) is a 28-nucleotide RNA aptamer that binds specifically to the VEGF-A165 isomer, the major pathological VEGF protein in the eye.
4. Aflibercept (Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA) with trade name Eylea (also known as VEGF Trap-Eye), is a recombinant fusion protein comprising the key VEGF-binding domains of human VEGF receptors 1 and 2. Aflibercept was found to bind VEGF with a greater affinity than that of bevacizumab or ranibizumab. The FDA approved aflibercept as a therapy for neovascular AMD in 2011.
